War

1675 King Philip’s War

King Philip’s War, (1675–76), in British American colonial history, war that pitted Native Americans against English settlers and their Indian allies that was one of the bloodiest conflicts (per capita) in U.S. history. Historians since the early 18th century, relying on accounts from the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, have referred to the conflict as King Philip’s War. Philip (Metacom), sachem (chief) of a Wampanoag band, was a son of Massasoit, who had greeted the first colonists of New England at Plymouth in 1621. However, because of the central role in the conflict played by the Narragansetts, who composed the […]

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9 Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, also called the Varus Disaster or Varian Disaster (Latin: Clades Variana) by Roman historians, was a major battle between Germanic tribes and the Roman Empire that took place somewhere near modern Kalkriese from September 8–11, 9 AD, when an alliance of Germanic peoples ambushed three Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus and their auxiliaries. The alliance was led by Arminius, a Germanic chieftain and officer of Varus’s auxilia. Arminius had received Roman citizenship and a Roman military education; thus allowing him to deceive the Romans methodically and anticipate their tactical responses. Teutoburg Forest is considered one of the most important defeats in Roman history, bringing the triumphant period of expansion under Augustus to an abrupt end. It dissuaded the Romans […]

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The Spanish Civil War (1936 – 1939)

The Spanish Civil War was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicansand the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as class struggle, […]

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1415 The Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory in the Hundred Years’ War. It took place on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin’s Day) near Azincourt, in northern France.   The unexpected English victory against the numerically superior French army boosted English morale and prestige, crippled France, and started a new period of English dominance in the war that would last for 14 years until England was defeated by France in 1429 during the Siege of Orléans. Location The precise location of the battle is not known. It may be in the narrow strip of open land formed between the woods of Tramecourt and Azincourt (close […]

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1815 The Battle of Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium), marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars. A French army under the command of Napoleon was defeated by two armies of the Seventh Coalition. One of these was a British-led force with units from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Hanover, Brunswick, and Nassau, under the command of the Duke of Wellington (often referred to as the Anglo-allied army or Wellington’s army). The other comprised three corps (the 1st, 2nd and 4th corps) of the Prussian army under Field Marshal Blücher; a fourth corps (the 3rd) of this army fought at the Battle of Wavre on the same day. The battle […]

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1309 The First Siege of Gibraltar

Ever since the Battle of Covadonga in Asturias in 722, the northern Christian kingdoms had kept alive their hopes of “Reconquista” (the struggle to take back control of the Iberian peninsula from the Moors) and, over the centuries, had been making increasing inroads into Moorish Territory.[ With the collapse of the Almohade dynasty after their defeat by the Christians at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, the Moorish hold on al-Andalus (which had once extended across most of Iberia) was reduced to the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in the south. The Nasrids had to rely on the […]

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678 Greek fire first used against arab conquerers

For five successive years between 674 and 678 the Arabs conducted campaigns on a steady pattern. Between spring and autumn each year they besieged the walls and mounted naval operations in the straits that involved running battles with the Byzantine fleet. Both sides fought with the same types of oared galleys and largely with the same crews, as the Muslims had access to the seafaring skills of Christians from the conquered Levant. In winter the Arabs regrouped at their base at Cyzicus, repaired their ships, and prepared to tighten the screw the following year. They were in the siege for […]

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1571 The Battle of Lepanto

The Battle of Lepanto (Spanish: La Batalla de Lepanto]) is a famous painting by Filipino painter and revolutionary activist Juan Luna. Painted by Luna in 1887, the masterpiece is about the Battle of Lepanto of October 7, 1571. The painting features Don Juan of Austria (also known as Don John of Austria) in battle while at the bow of a ship. It is one of the “huge epic canvasses” painted by Luna (the others are the Spoliarium and The Blood Compact). The painting is also known as The Battle of Lepanto of 1571.

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1863 The Battle of Gettysburg

It is the site of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War and one of the most visited places in the United States, but Gettysburg is still plagued by misinformation. Set the record straight with these ten key facts. Fact 1#: The battle was fought at Gettysburg because of the area road system—it had nothing to do with shoes. The Town of Gettysburg, population 2,000, was a town on the rise. It boasted three newspapers, two institutes of higher learning, several churches and banks, but no shoe factory or warehouse. The ten roads that led into town are what brought […]

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