20th Century

†1991 Graham Greene

Monsignor Quixote Full Movie Henry Graham Greene was an English writer and journalist regarded by many as one of the leading novelists of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or “entertainments” as he termed them). He was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in Literature several times. Through 67 years of writing, which included over 25 novels, he explored the conflicting moral and political issues of the modern world. Part of Greene’s reputation as a novelist is for weaving the characters […]

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†1924 Frans Kafka

The Trial Full Movie Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was an Austrian-Czech novelist and writer from Prague. He is widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature; he wrote in German. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surrealistic predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation, existential anxiety, guilt, and absurdity. His best known works include the novella The Metamorphosis and the novels The Trial and The Castle. The term Kafkaesque has entered English to describe absurd situations like those depicted in his writing. Kafka was a prolific writer, spending most of his free time writing, often late […]

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Events 1990s – Hubble telescope launched

1990 Hibble telescope ls launched  Events The Congo Wars began in the 1990s. The Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991) The Yugoslav Wars (1991–1995) followed the breakup of Yugoslavia, beginning on 25 June 1991, after the republics of Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia.  The Kosovo War (1998–1999) The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1998) involved 30 years of conflict that ended on 10 April 1998, when the Good Friday Agreement was signed. Gulf War oil spill: Resulting from actions taken during the Gulf War in 1991 by the Iraq military, the oil spill caused considerable damage to wildlife in the Persian Gulf, especially in areas surrounding Kuwait and Iraq. 28 September 1994: The car […]

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Events 1980s – The Rise and Fall of MTV

The Rise and Fall of MTV  Events The Cold War (1947–1991) Invasion of Grenada (1983) – a 1983 US led invasion of Grenada, triggered by a military coup which ousted a brief revolutionary government.  Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, sparking the Falklands War. On 21 December 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 was blown up over the village of Lockerbie, Scotland, while en route from London’s Heathrow Airport to New York’s JFK. The bombing killed all 259 people on board, plus 11 people on the ground. The bombing was and remains the worst terrorist attack on UK soil. A military coup is launched in Suriname on 25 February 1980; the country’s politics are dominated by the military until […]

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Events 1960s – The Race to Space

The Race to Space Events The Vietnam War (1955–1975) The Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) – an unsuccessful attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba with support from U.S. government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. Cultural Revolution in China (1966–1976) The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 occurred as part of the Transition to the New Order that marked the beginning of Suharto’s 31-year presidency. The Cuban Missile Crisis ( 16–28 October 1962) – a near-military confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union about the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba. After an American Naval (quarantine) blockade of Cuba the Soviet Union under […]

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Events 1950s – Musical West Side Story

West Side Story Analysis Events Korean War (1950–1953) – The war, which lasted from June 25, 1950, until the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement on July 27, 1953, started as a civil war between North Korea and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). First Indochina War (1946–1954). The Vietnam War began in 1955. Suez Crisis (1956) – The Suez Crisis was a war fought on Egyptian territory in 1956. Following the nationalisation of the Suez Canal in 1956 by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the United Kingdom, France and Israel subsequently invaded. Algerian War (1954–1962) – An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians, use of torture on both sides and counter-terrorism operations by the French Army. The war eventually led to […]

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Events 1940s – Zuse Z3 Nazi Supercomputer

Zuse Z3 Nazi Supercomputer  Events World War II (1939–1945) became the deadliest conflict in human history involving primarily the axis, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Empire of Japan against the allies, China, France, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Many atrocities occurred, particularly the Holocaust killing approximately 11 million victims. It ended with the atomic bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. The two world wars led to efforts to increase international cooperation, notably through the founding of the League of Nations after World War I, and its successor, the United Nations, after World War II. The creation of Israel in 1948, a Jewish state in the Middle East, at the end of the British Mandate for […]

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BOOK: George Orwell’s 1984

Nineteen Eighty-Four (also published as 1984) is a dystopian novel and cautionary tale by English writer George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 as Orwell’s ninth and final book completed in his lifetime. Thematically, it centres on the consequences of totalitarianism, mass surveillance, and repressive regimentation of people and behaviours within society. Orwell, a staunch believer in democratic socialism and member of the anti-Stalinist Left, modelled the Britain under authoritarian socialism in the novel on the Soviet Union in the era of Stalinism and on the very similar practices of both censorship and propaganda in Nazi Germany. More broadly, the novel examines the role of truth and facts within societies and the ways in which they can be manipulated. The story takes […]

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Culture 1900s – Early Recordings (pre-1910)

Pre-2010 Early Recordings    1900s in Literature 1901 in literature – Thomas Mann’s Buddenbrooks; M. P. Shiel’s The Purple Cloud; Anton Chekhov’s Three Sisters; Rudyard Kipling’s Kim; August Strindberg’s A Dream Play; Stanislaw Wyspianski’s The Wedding. Death of Kate Greenaway, Charlotte Mary Yonge 1902 in literature – André Gide’s The Immoralist; Maxim Gorky’s The Lower Depths; Henry James’s The Wings of the Dove; Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Hound of the Baskervilles; Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit; J. M. Barrie’s The Little White Bird; Leo Tolstoy’s The Power of Darkness. Death of Émile Zola, Bret Harte 1903 in literature – Henry James’s The Ambassadors; Jack London’s The Call of the Wild; W. E. B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk; […]

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