01th Century

64 Saint Peter first pope

Saint Peter (born Shimon Bar Yonah; died AD 64–68), also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church. He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels as well as the Acts of the Apostles. Catholic tradition accredits Peter as the first bishop of Rome‍—‌or pope‍—‌and also as the first bishop of Antioch.  According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero. The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Church of Rome, but they differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his successors. According to Catholic teaching, Jesus promised Peter a special position in […]

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27 Pax Romana – Roman Peace

The Pax Romana (Latin for “Roman peace”) is a roughly 200-year-long period of Roman history which is identified as a golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonic power, and regional expansion.  This is despite several revolts and wars, and continuing competition with Parthia. It is traditionally dated as commencing with the accession of Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, in 27 BC and concluding in AD 180 with the death of Marcus Aurelius, the last of the “Five Good Emperors“. During this period of about two centuries, the Roman Empire achieved its greatest territorial extent in AD 117 (Emperor Trajan), and its population reached a maximum of up to 70 million people, which was […]

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Xin Dynasty (9 – 23)

The Xin Dynasty, which reigned in China from 9 AD to 23 AD, marked a significant but short-lived departure from the established Han Dynasty.  It was established by Wang Mang, who seized power and declared himself emperor, effectively ending the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Mang implemented radical reforms, such as the redistribution of land and wealth, in an attempt to address social inequality and economic issues. However, his rule was met with resistance and ultimately led to his downfall. The Xin Dynasty serves as a brief but noteworthy episode in Chinese history, showcasing the challenges of implementing sweeping reforms […]

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What happened in the year 9?

 China January 10 – Wang Mang founds the short-lived Xin dynasty in China (until AD 25). Wang Mang names his wife, Wang, empress and his son, Wang Lin Crown Prince, heir to the throne. Empress Wang is given the title of Duchess Dowager of Ding’an, while Ruzi Ying, the former Emperor of Han, becomes the Duke of Ding’an. Ruzi Ying is placed under house arrest. Roman Empire c. September 9 – Battle of the Teutoburg Forest: Legio XVII, XVIII and XIX are lured by Arminius into an ambush and defeated by his tribe, the Cherusci, and their Germanic allies. The Roman aquilae are lost and the Roman general and governor Publius Quinctilius Varus dies by suicide. Legio II Augusta, XX Valeria Victrix, and XIII Gemina move to Germany to replace […]

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9 Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, also called the Varus Disaster or Varian Disaster (Latin: Clades Variana) by Roman historians, was a major battle between Germanic tribes and the Roman Empire that took place somewhere near modern Kalkriese from September 8–11, 9 AD, when an alliance of Germanic peoples ambushed three Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus and their auxiliaries. The alliance was led by Arminius, a Germanic chieftain and officer of Varus’s auxilia. Arminius had received Roman citizenship and a Roman military education; thus allowing him to deceive the Romans methodically and anticipate their tactical responses. Teutoburg Forest is considered one of the most important defeats in Roman history, bringing the triumphant period of expansion under Augustus to an abrupt end. It dissuaded the Romans […]

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What happened in the year 8?

AD 8 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Camillus and Quinctilianus (or, less frequently, 761 Ab urbe condita). The denomination “AD 8” for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Roman Empire August 3 – Roman general Tiberius defeats the Illyrians in Dalmatia on the River Bathinus, but the Great Illyrian Revolt continues. Vipsania Julia is exiled. Lucius Aemilius Paullus and his family are disgraced. Augustus breaks off the engagement of Claudius to Paullus’ daughter Aemilia Lepida. An effort is made to betroth Claudius to Livia Medullina Camilla. Roman poet Ovid is […]

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What happened in the year 7?

AD 7 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Metellus and Nerva (or, less frequently, year 760 Ab urbe condita). The denomination “AD 7” for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Dominicalendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Roman Empire Illyrian tribes in Pannonia and Dalmatia continue the Great Illyrian Revolt against Roman rule.[1] Publius Quinctilius Varus is appointed governor of Germania, charged with organizing Germania between the Rhine and Elbe rivers. He carries out a census, devises tributes and recruits soldiers, all of which creates dissension among the Germanic tribes. Abgarus of Edessa is […]

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What happened in the year 6?

6 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius (or, less frequently, year 759 Ab urbe condita). The denomination “AD 6” for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Roman Empire Due to a catastrophic fire in Rome, the barracks system – the vigiles, initially manned only by freedmen – is created by the Princeps […]

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