15th Century

Events 1470s – Fall Burgundian State

 Events   Wars of the Roses in England – Battle of Losecoat Field: The House of York defeats the House of Lancaster. Between this year and 1700, 8,888 witches are tried in the Swiss Confederation; 5,417 of them are executed. 20-year-old Leonardo da Vinci is admitted as a master in his own right to the artists’ Guild of Saint Luke in Florence. The city council of Amsterdam prohibits snowball fights: “Neymant en moet met sneecluyten werpen nocht maecht noch wijf noch manspersoon.” (“No one shall throw with snowballs, neither men nor (unmarried) women.”) Possible discovery of the island of “Bacalao” (perhaps Newfoundland off North America) by João Vaz Corte-Real. Johannes de Sacrobosco‘s De sphaera mundi (written c. 1230) is […]

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Events 1460s – Vlad III hero of Romania

1462 Vlad III national hero of Romania Events 1461: The city of Sarajevo is founded by the Ottomans. 1462: Sonni Ali Ber, the ruler of the Songhai (or Songhay) Empire, along the Niger River, conquers Mali in the central Sudan by defeating the Tuareg contingent at Tombouctou (or Timbuktu) and capturing the city. He develops both his own capital, Gao, and the main centres of Mali, Timbuktu and Djenné, into major cities. Ali Ber controls trade along the Niger River with a navy of war vessels. 1462: Mehmed the Conqueror is driven back by Wallachian prince Vlad III Dracula at The Night Attack. 1467–1615: The Sengoku period is one of civil war in Japan. 1469: The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile leads to the […]

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Events 1420s – Siege of Orleans

Siege of Orleans turns tide 100 Years War Events Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl, directly influenced the result of the Hundred Years’ War. 1420: Construction of the Chinese Forbidden City is completed in Beijing. Henry V of England commences construction of the ship Grace Dieu. The first band of Gypsies visits Paris, according to an account of the citizens of Paris. The first witch hunts begin, in Switzerland. 1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years’ War. 1429: Queen Suhita succeeds her father Wikramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit. Art 1420s: First use of graphical perspective in painting. February 19, 1426: Masaccio is commissioned to paint a major altarpiece, the Pisa Polyptych altarpiece in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Pisa. […]

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Events 1480s – Caxton’s Aesop’s Fables

 Events  1481: Spanish Inquisition begins in practice with the first auto-da-fé. The Aztec Calendar Stone or Sun Stone is carved. The village of Alhama de Granada in Spain is taken by Christian forces, starting the Granada War to expel the Moors from the Iberian Peninsula. Schreierstoren is erected in Amsterdam (from which Henry Hudson will set sail on April 4, 1609, on the vessel Halve Maen, to bring him to the harbor of New York and the Hudson River). William Caxton, the first printer of books in English, prints his translation of Aesop’s Fables in London. 1482: Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão becomes the first European to enter the Congo. 1483: The Jews are expelled from Andalusia. 1483: Pluto moves inside Neptune‘s orbit until July 23, 1503, according to modern orbital calculations. 1485: Matthias Corvinus of Hungary captured Vienna, Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor ran […]

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Events 1440s – Portugal explore West Africa

 Events 1440: Eton College founded by Henry VI. 1441: Jan van Eyck, Flemish painter, dies. 1441: Portuguese navigators cruise West Africa and reestablish the European slave trade with a shipment of African slaves sent directly from Africa to Portugal. 1442: Leonardo Bruni defines Middle Ages and Modern times. 1445 – Printing press developed in Europe Art  Anonymous – The Triumph of Death (c.1446) Hans Bornemann – Heiligentaler Altar (Altarpiece of St. Nicholas) (after 1444) Petrus Christus Lamentation (Pietà) (c.1444) Portrait of a Carthusian (1446) Niccolò Antonio Colantonio – Delivery of the Franciscan Rule (c.1445) Lluís Dalmau Virgin of the Consellers (1443-1445) Andrea del Castagno – Frescoes The Last Supper (1445-1450)  Piero della Francesca The Baptism of Christ (completed c.1448-1450) Barthélemy d’Eyck (attributed) – Aix Annunciation (1443-1445) Giovanni di Paolo Guelfi Altarpiece (1445) […]

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Events 1490s Josquin des Prez: Nymphes des bois

1497 – Josquin des Prez – Nymphes des bois  1492: Boabdil‘s surrender of Granada marks the end of the Spanish Reconquista and Al-Andalus. 1492: Ferdinand and Isabella sign the Alhambra Decree, expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Catholicism; 40,000–200,000 leave. 1492: Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas from Spain. 1493: Christopher Columbus landed on modern-day Puerto Rico. 1493: Leonardo da Vinci creates the first known design for a helicopter. 1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves. 1494–1559: The Italian Wars lead to the downfall of the Italian city-states. 1497–1499: Vasco da Gama‘s first voyage from Europe to India and back. 1500: Islam becomes the dominant religion across the Indonesian archipelago. 1500: Guru Nanak begins the spreading of Sikhism, the fifth-largest religion […]

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1415 The Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory in the Hundred Years’ War. It took place on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin’s Day) near Azincourt, in northern France.   The unexpected English victory against the numerically superior French army boosted English morale and prestige, crippled France, and started a new period of English dominance in the war that would last for 14 years until England was defeated by France in 1429 during the Siege of Orléans. Location The precise location of the battle is not known. It may be in the narrow strip of open land formed between the woods of Tramecourt and Azincourt (close […]

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Joan of Arc (1412 – 1431)

Joan of Arc(French: Jeanne d’Ar] is a patron saint of France, who achieved fame for her role in the siege of Orléans and the coronation of Charles VII of France during the Hundred Years’ War against England. After successfully leading several French military actions, she was captured, handed over to English authorities, convicted as a heretic, and burnt at the stake in 1431. Twenty-five years later, her conviction was formally overturned. She was canonized by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920, 488 years after her death. Joan of Arc’s name was written in a variety of ways. Before the sixteenth […]

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Events 1400s – Whiskey first consumend in Ireland

Whiskey first consumend in Ireland  Events The Mississippian culture starts to decline. The first record is written of whiskey being consumed in Ireland, where it is distilled by Catholic monks. Europe is reported to have around 52 million inhabitants. The House of Medici becomes powerful in Florence. The Great Comet of 1402 is first observed by people living in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth. The comet, visible for eight days even in daylight, makes its closest approach to Earth on February 20. It is last seen on March 27. 1402: The settlement of the Canary Islands signals the beginning of the Spanish Empire. 1403: The Yongle Emperor moves the capital of China from Nanjing to Beijing. Construction […]

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