Music: Theobald I of Navarre
Events
- 1231: Emperor Frederick II promulgates the Constitutions of Melfi, a far-reaching legal code influential in the development of continental European statehood.
- Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan and Subutai campaign across the northern heartland of the Kievan Rus’, committing numerous atrocities across multiple settlements, including the sacking of an insignificant town known as Moscow. According to the Chronicle of Novgorod, Moscow is a fortified village, a trading post “on a crossroads of four rivers”. The village is taken by the Mongols after 5 days of siege.
- 1239–1250: Third conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy.
- 1237–1240: Mongol Empire conquers Kievan Rus.
Literature
- c. 1230
- La Mort le roi Artu, French prose romance
- Guillaume de Lorris – First section of Romance of the Rose
- Johannes de Sacrobosco – De sphaera mundi
- Snorri Sturlusson – Heimskringla
- c. 1230s – Post-Vulgate Cycle
- Mainly before 1235 – Henry de Bracton – De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae (The Laws and Customs of England)
- Roman de la Rose written by Guillaume de Lorris (around 1230)
- The Carmina Burana poetry and song collection is created
Religion
- Pope Gregory IX establishes the Papal Inquisition, to regularize the persecution of heresy.
Music
- 1227–34 – A Play of Daniel with music is written at the school of Beauvais Cathedral.
- 1235–39 – Theobald I of Navarre, “Seignor, sachiés, qui or ne s’en ira” (chanson de croisade)
- 1239 – Theobald I of Navarre, “Au tens plain de felonie” (chanson de croisade)
- 1239–40 – Theobald I of Navarre, “Li dous penser et li dous souvenir” (chanson de croisade)
